This blog post was driven by the need to make it easier to test Eucalyptus DNS in a lab environment. The goal was to have a scriptable way to add/delete fully delegated sub-domains without having to reload/restart DNS when Eucalyptus clouds were being deployed/destroyed. This was tested on an CentOS 6 instance running in a Eucalyptus 3.3 HA Cloud.
Prerequisites
This entry will not cover setting up Eucalyptus HA, creating a Eucalyptus user, using eustore to register the image, and/or opening up ports in security groups. Its assumed the reader understands these concepts. The focus will be configuring and deploying Bind9 and OpenLDAP.
In addition to using a CentOS 6.4 image, the following is needed:
- ports open for DNS (tcp and udp 53)
- port open for OpenLDAP (tcp 389)
- port open for SSH (tcp 22)
Now that the prereqs have been covered, lets jump into setting up the environment.
Base Software Installation
There are a series of packages needed to install OpenLDAP (since we are building from source), and Bind9. Once the instance is launched and running, SSH into the instance, and run the following commands:
# sudo yum -y upgrade
# sudo yum install -y git cyrus-sasl gcc glibc-devel libtool-ltdl \
db4-devel openssl-devel unixODBC-devel libtool-ltdl-devel libtool \
cyrus-sasl-devel cyrus-sasl-gssapi cyrus-sasl-lib cyrus-sasl-md5 \
make bind-dyndb-ldap
All the packages except for bind-dyndb-ldap are needed to build OpenLDAP from source. The reason we are building OpenLDAP from source is to take advantage of their powerful backend – MDB. Check out my previous blogs on this topic from this listing.
The key package for Bind9 DNS to communicate to OpenLDAP as a backend is bind-dyndb-ldap. This plug-in is used by the FreeIPA Identity/Policy Management application to help leverage 389 Directory Servers (which is based off OpenLDAP) for storing domain name information.
OpenLDAP Installation and Configuration
Since all the base packages are installed, we can now grab and install the latest source version of OpenLDAP. While still being logged into the instance, run the following command:
# git clone git://git.openldap.org/openldap.git ~/openldap
Since we are working with an instance based on the CentOS 6 image on eustore, we will use the ephemeral store (which is mounted under /media/ephemeral0) for the location of our OpenLDAP installation. Create a directory for installing OpenLDAP on the ephemeral store by running the command below:
# mkdir /media/ephemeral0/openldap
Next, configure OpenLDAP:
# cd ~/openldap
# ./configure --prefix=/media/ephemeral0/openldap --enable-debug=yes \
--enable-syslog --enable-dynamic --enable-slapd --enable-dynacl \
--enable-spasswd --enable-modules --enable-rlookups --enable-mdb \
--enable-monitor --enable-overlays --with-cyrus-sasl --with-threads \
--with-tls=openssl CC="gcc" LDFLAGS="-L/usr/lib64/sasl2" CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/include/sasl"
After thats completed successfully, compile and install OpenLDAP:
# make depend
# make
# sudo make install
After the installation is complete, create the openldap user that will be responsible for running OpenLDAP:
# sudo useradd -m -U -c "OpenLDAP User" -s /bin/bash openldap
# sudo passwd -l openldap
Since the bind-dyndb-ldap package was installed earlier, copy the schema to where OpenLDAP stores its schemas, so that it can be added to the OpenLDAP configuration:
# sudo cp /usr/share/doc/bind-dyndb-ldap-2.3/schema \
/media/ephemeral0/openldap/etc/openldap/schema/bind-dyndb-ldap.schema
Next, create the LDAP password for the cn=admin,cn=config user. This user is responsible for managing the configuration of the OpenLDAP server using OLC:
# /media/ephemeral0/openldap/sbin/slappasswd -h {SSHA}
Modify the slapd.conf file located under /media/ephemeral0/openldap/etc/openldap/, to set up the base configuration structure (cn=config) for OpenLDAP. When completed, it should look like the following:
#######################################################################
# Config database definitions
#######################################################################
pidfile /media/ephemeral0/openldap/var/run/slapd.pid
argsfile /media/ephemeral0/openldap/var/run/slapd.args
database config
rootdn cn=admin,cn=config
rootpw {SSHA}xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx - (password created for cn=admin,cn=config user)
# Schemas, in order
include /media/ephemeral0/openldap/etc/openldap/schema/core.schema
include /media/ephemeral0/openldap/etc/openldap/schema/cosine.schema
include /media/ephemeral0/openldap/etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema
include /media/ephemeral0/openldap/etc/openldap/schema/collective.schema
include /media/ephemeral0/openldap/etc/openldap/schema/corba.schema
include /media/ephemeral0/openldap/etc/openldap/schema/duaconf.schema
include /media/ephemeral0/openldap/etc/openldap/schema/dyngroup.schema
include /media/ephemeral0/openldap/etc/openldap/schema/misc.schema
include /media/ephemeral0/openldap/etc/openldap/schema/nis.schema
include /media/ephemeral0/openldap/etc/openldap/schema/openldap.schema
include /media/ephemeral0/openldap/etc/openldap/schema/ppolicy.schema
include /media/ephemeral0/openldap/etc/openldap/schema/bind-dyndb-ldap.schema
Create the slapd.d directory under /media/ephemeral0/openldap/etc/openldap/. This will contain all the directory information:
# sudo chown -R openldap:openldap /media/ephemeral0/openldap/*
# su - openldap -c "mkdir /media/ephemeral0/openldap/etc/openldap/slapd.d"
Populate the slapd.d directory with the base configuration by running the following command:
su - openldap -c "/media/ephemeral0/openldap/sbin/slaptest \
-f /media/ephemeral0/openldap/etc/openldap/slapd.conf \
-F /media/ephemeral0/openldap/etc/openldap/slapd.d"
config file testing succeeded
For this example, we will be setting up the directory to use dc=eucalyptus,dc=com as the LDAP base. Create the cn=Directory Manager,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com LDAP password:
# /media/ephemeral0/openldap/sbin/slappasswd -h {SSHA}
Create an LDIF that will define the configuration of the DB associated with the information regarding the DNS entries. For this example, the LDIF will be called directory-layout.ldif. It should look like the following:
#######################################################################
# MDB database definitions
#######################################################################
#
dn: olcDatabase=mdb,cn=config
changetype: add
objectClass: olcDatabaseConfig
objectClass: olcMdbConfig
olcDatabase: mdb
olcSuffix: dc=eucalyptus,dc=com
olcRootDN: cn=Directory Manager,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com
olcRootPW: {SSHA}xxxx - (password of cn=Directory Manager,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com user)
olcDbDirectory: /media/ephemeral0/openldap/var/openldap-data/dns
olcDbIndex: objectClass eq
olcAccess: to attrs=userPassword by dn="cn=Directory Manager,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
write by anonymous auth by self write by * none
olcAccess: to attrs=shadowLastChange by self write by * read
olcAccess: to dn.base="" by * read
olcAccess: to * by dn="cn=Directory Manager,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com" write by * read
olcDbMaxReaders: 0
olcDbMode: 0600
olcDbSearchStack: 16
olcDbMaxSize: 4294967296
olcAddContentAcl: FALSE
olcLastMod: TRUE
olcMaxDerefDepth: 15
olcReadOnly: FALSE
olcSyncUseSubentry: FALSE
olcMonitoring: TRUE
olcDbNoSync: FALSE
olcDbEnvFlags: writemap
olcDbEnvFlags: nometasync
Make sure and create the directory where the DB information will be stored:
# su - openldap -c "mkdir /media/ephemeral0/openldap/var/openldap-data/dns"
Start up the OpenLDAP directory:
# sudo /media/ephemeral0/openldap/libexec/slapd -h "ldap:/// ldapi:///" \
-u openldap -g openldap
After OpenLDAP has been started successfully, upload the directory-layout.ldif as the cn=admin,cn=config user:
# /media/ephemeral0/openldap/bin/ldapadd -D cn=admin,cn=config -W \
-f directory-layout.ldif
Enter LDAP Password:
adding new entry "olcDatabase=mdb,cn=config"
To allow search access to the directory, create an LDIF called frontend.ldif, that contains the following:
dn: olcDatabase={-1}frontend,cn=config
changetype: modify
replace: olcAccess
olcAccess: to dn.base="" by * read
olcAccess: to dn.base="cn=Subschema" by * read
olcAccess: to * by self write by users read by anonymous auth
Upload the LDIF using the ldapmodify command:
# /media/ephemeral0/openldap/bin/ldapmodify -D cn=admin,cn=config -W -f frontend.ldif
Enter LDAP Password:
modifying entry "olcDatabase={-1}frontend,cn=config"
To check the results of these changes, use ldapsearch:
# /media/ephemeral0/openldap/bin/ldapsearch -D cn=admin,cn=config -W -b cn=config
Enter LDAP Password:
(ldapsearch results...)
After confirming that the base configurations have been stored, create an LDIF called dns-domain.ldif that lays out the directory structure for the database. As seen previously in the directory-layout.ldif, the base is dc=eucalyptus,dc=com. The dns-domain.ldif file should look like the following:
dn: dc=eucalyptus,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: dcObject
objectclass: organization
o: Eucalyptus Systems Inc - QA DNS Domain
dc: eucalyptus
description: Test LDAP+DNS Setup
dn: ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: dns
After creating the dns-domain.ldif file, upload the file using the cn=Directory Manager,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com user:
# /media/ephemeral0/openldap/bin/ldapadd -H ldap://localhost \
-D "cn=Directory Manager,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com" -W -f dns-domain.ldif
Enter LDAP Password:
adding new entry "dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
adding new entry "ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
To allow the cn=Directory Manager,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com user to see what updates are being done to the Directory, enable the Access Log overlay. To enable this option, create an LDIF file called access-log.ldif. The contents should look like the following:
dn: olcDatabase={2}mdb,cn=config
objectClass: olcDatabaseConfig
objectClass: olcMdbConfig
olcDatabase: {2}mdb
olcDbDirectory: /media/ephemeral0/openldap/var/openldap-data/access
olcSuffix: cn=log
olcDbIndex: reqStart eq
olcDbMaxSize: 1073741824
olcDbMode: 0600
olcAccess: {1}to * by dn="cn=Directory Manager,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com" read
dn: olcOverlay={1}accesslog,olcDatabase={3}mdb,cn=config
objectClass: olcOverlayConfig
objectClass: olcAccessLogConfig
olcOverlay: {1}accesslog
olcAccessLogDB: cn=log
olcAccessLogOps: all
olcAccessLogPurge: 7+00:00 1+00:00
olcAccessLogSuccess: TRUE
olcAccessLogOld: (objectclass=idnsRecord)
After creating the access-log.ldif, create the directory for storing the access database:
# su - openldap -c "mkdir /media/ephemeral0/openldap/var/openldap-data/access"
Upload the LDIF using the cn=admin,cn=config user:
# /media/ephemeral0/openldap/bin/ldapadd -D cn=admin,cn=config -W -f access-log.ldif
Now that OpenLDAP is ready to go, let’s work on configuring Bind9 DNS.
Bind9 DNS Configuration
Since bind-dyndb-ldap has a dependency package of bind, named has already been installed on the instance. The only thing left to do is edit /etc/named.conf so that we are able to use the dynamic ldap backend module. Edit /etc/named.conf so that it looks like the following:
options {
listen-on port 53 { <private IP address of the instance>; };
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
recursion yes;
dnssec-enable yes;
dnssec-validation yes;
dnssec-lookaside auto;
/* Path to ISC DLV key */
bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
allow-recursion { any; };
};
dynamic-db "qa_dns_test" {
library "ldap.so";
arg "uri ldap://localhost";
arg "base ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus, dc=com";
arg "auth_method none";
arg "cache_ttl 10";
arg "zone_refresh 1";
arg "dyn_update yes";
};
logging {
channel default_debug {
file "data/named.run";
severity debug;
print-time yes;
};
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
include "/etc/named.root.key";
As seen above, the dynamic-db section is the configuration for connecting to the OpenLDAP server. For more advanced configurations, please reference the README in the bind-dyndb-ldap repository on git.fedorahosted.org.
Now we are ready to start named (the bind DNS server). Before starting the server, make sure and create the rndc key, then start named:
# rndc-confgen -a -r /dev/urandom
# service named start
You have successfully created an Bind9 DNS + OpenLDAP deployment. Let’s run a quick test.
Test the Deployment
To test the deployment, I created an LDIF called test-cloud.ldif. The configuration sets up a domain called eucalyptus-systems.com. It also creates a sub-domain that will be forwarding requests for euca-hasp.eucalyptus-systems.com to the CLCs of the Eucalyptus HA deployment that has been set up. The contents of the file are as follows:
dn: idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: idnsZone
objectClass: idnsRecord
idnsName: eucalyptus-systems.com
idnsUpdatePolicy: grant EUCALYPTUS-SYSTEMS.COM krb5-self * A;
idnsZoneActive: TRUE
idnsSOAmName: server.eucalyptus-systems.com
idnsSOArName: root.server.eucalyptus-systems.com
idnsAllowQuery: any;
idnsAllowDynUpdate: TRUE
idnsSOAserial: 1
idnsSOArefresh: 10800
idnsSOAretry: 900
idnsSOAexpire: 604800
idnsSOAminimum: 86400
NSRecord: ns
ARecord: 192.168.55.103 - (the public IP of the instance)
dn: idnsName=ns,idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com
objectClass: idnsRecord
objectClass: top
idnsName: ns
aRecord: 192.168.55.103
dn: idnsName=server,idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com
objectClass: idnsRecord
objectClass: top
idnsName: server
CNAMERecord: eucalyptus-systems.com.
dn: idnsname=39.168.192.in-addr.arpa.,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com
objectClass: idnszone
objectClass: idnsrecord
objectClass: top
idnsName: 39.168.192.in-addr.arpa.
idnsSOAmName: server.eucalyptus-systems.com
idnsSOArName: root.server.eucalyptus-systems.com
idnsSOAserial: 1350039556
idnsSOArefresh: 10800
idnsSOAretry: 900
idnsSOAexpire: 604800
idnsSOAminimum: 86400
idnsZoneActive: TRUE
idnsAllowDynUpdate: TRUE
idnsAllowQuery: any;
idnsAllowTransfer: none;
idnsUpdatePolicy: grant EUCALYPTUS-SYSTEMS.COM krb5-subdomain 39.168.192.in-addr.arpa. PTR;
nSRecord: server.eucalyptus-systems.com.
dn: idnsName=_ldap._tcp,idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com
objectClass: idnsRecord
objectClass: top
idnsName: _ldap._tcp
SRVRecord: 0 100 389 server
dn: idnsName=_ntp._udp,idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com
objectClass: idnsRecord
objectClass: top
idnsName: _ntp._udp
SRVRecord: 0 100 123 server
# The DNS entries for the CLCs of the cloud - viking-01 and viking-02
dn: idnsName=viking-02,idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com
objectClass: idnsRecord
objectClass: top
idnsName: viking-02
aRecord: 192.168.39.102
dn: idnsname=102,idnsname=39.168.192.in-addr.arpa.,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com
objectClass: idnsrecord
objectClass: top
idnsName: 102
pTRRecord: viking-02.eucalyptus-systems.com.
dn: idnsName=viking-01,idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com
objectClass: idnsRecord
objectClass: top
idnsName: viking-01
aRecord: 192.168.39.101
dn: idnsname=101,idnsname=39.168.192.in-addr.arpa.,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com
objectClass: idnsrecord
objectClass: top
idnsName: 101
pTRRecord: viking-01.eucalyptus-systems.com.
# The delegated zone - euca-hasp.eucalyptus-systems.com
dn: idnsName=euca-hasp,idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: idnsRecord
objectClass: idnsZone
idnsForwardPolicy: first
idnsAllowDynUpdate: FALSE
idnsZoneActive: TRUE
idnsAllowQuery: any;
idnsForwarders: 192.168.39.101
idnsForwarders: 192.168.39.102
idnsName: euca-hasp
idnsSOAmName: server.eucalyptus-systems.com
idnsSOArName: root.server.eucalyptus-systems.com
idnsSOAretry: 15
idnsSOAserial: 1
idnsSOArefresh: 80
idnsSOAexpire: 120
idnsSOAminimum: 30
nSRecord: viking-01.eucalyptus-systems.com
nSRecord: viking-02.eucalyptus-systems.com
Since this was intended for a lab environment where sub-domains (and possibly domains) would be added/deleted on a regular basis, the SOA records were not set to the RFC 1912 standards defined for production DNS use.
After creating this LDIF, it was uploaded to the LDAP server as the cn=Directory Manager,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com user:
# /media/ephemeral0/openldap/bin/ldapadd -H ldap://localhost \
-D "cn=Directory Manager,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com" -W -f test-cloud.ldif
Enter LDAP Password:
adding new entry "idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
adding new entry "idnsName=ns,idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
adding new entry "idnsName=server,idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
adding new entry "idnsname=39.168.192.in-addr.arpa.,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
adding new entry "idnsName=_ldap._tcp,idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
adding new entry "idnsName=_ntp._udp,idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
adding new entry "idnsName=viking-02,idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
adding new entry "idnsname=102,idnsname=39.168.192.in-addr.arpa.,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
adding new entry "idnsName=viking-01,idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
adding new entry "idnsname=101,idnsname=39.168.192.in-addr.arpa.,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
adding new entry "idnsName=euca-hasp,idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
To test out the setup, tests were ran against the public IP address of the instance to resolve for the various configurations:
# nslookup viking-01.eucalyptus-systems.com 192.168.55.103
Server: 192.168.55.103
Address: 192.168.55.103#53
Name: viking-01.eucalyptus-systems.com
Address: 192.168.39.101
# nslookup 192.168.39.101 192.168.55.103
Server: 192.168.55.103
Address: 192.168.55.103#53
101.39.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = viking-01.eucalyptus-systems.com.
# nslookup eucalyptus.euca-hasp.eucalyptus-systems.com 192.168.55.103
Server: 192.168.55.103
Address: 192.168.55.103#53
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: eucalyptus.euca-hasp.eucalyptus-systems.com
Address: 192.168.39.102
# nslookup walrus.euca-hasp.eucalyptus-systems.com 192.168.55.103
Server: 192.168.55.103
Address: 192.168.55.103#53
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: walrus.euca-hasp.eucalyptus-systems.com
Address: 192.168.39.101
As see above, not only did the resolution come back correct for the machines under the eucalyptus-systems.com domain, but it also forwarded the requests for the hosts under euca-hasp.eucalyptus-systems.com correctly, and returned the correct response.
To delete the set up, an LDIF called delete-test-cloud.ldif from the test-cloud.ldif as follows:
# tac test-cloud.ldif | grep dn: > delete-test-cloud.ldif
Open up the delete-test-cloud.ldif and add the following lines between each dn:
changetype: delete
(empty line)
Now, use ldapmodify as the cn=Directory Manager,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com user to delete the entries:
# /media/ephemeral0/openldap/bin/ldapmodify -H ldap://localhost -D "cn=Directory Manager,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com" -W -f delete-test-cloud.ldif
Enter LDAP Password:
deleting entry "idnsName=euca-hasp,idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
deleting entry "idnsname=101,idnsname=39.168.192.in-addr.arpa.,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
deleting entry "idnsName=viking-01,idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
deleting entry "idnsname=102,idnsname=39.168.192.in-addr.arpa.,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
deleting entry "idnsName=viking-02,idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
deleting entry "idnsName=_ntp._udp,idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
deleting entry "idnsName=_ldap._tcp,idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
deleting entry "idnsname=39.168.192.in-addr.arpa.,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
deleting entry "idnsName=server,idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
deleting entry "idnsName=ns,idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
deleting entry "idnsName=eucalyptus-systems.com,ou=dns,dc=eucalyptus,dc=com"
To confirm, do a lookup against one of the entries to see if it still exists:
# nslookup viking-01.eucalyptus-systems.com 192.168.55.103
Server: 192.168.55.103
Address: 192.168.55.103#53
** server can't find viking-01.eucalyptus-systems.com: NXDOMAIN
There you have it! A successful Bind9 DNS + OpenLDAP deployment is ready to be used.
Enjoy! And as always, questions/suggestions/comments are always welcome.
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